Since 2003, peer reviewed studies into the safety and effectiveness of vaping has increased year on year with over 5000 papers published in that time.

Initially, the focus of research was on the relative risk of NVP use compared to cigarettes use.

In recent years the focus has moved from the effectiveness of NVP as a smoking cessation aid.

The NVP category is continually innovating with new delivery devices and liquid formulations. Research is continuing on these newer NVP formats